Carburetor



Dec. 6, 1927.

F. E. ASELTIN E CARBURETOR Filed May 23, 1921 3 Sheets-Shec 1 Dec. 6, 1927.

F. E. ASELTINE cARBUaEToR Filed May 23, i921 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 @Zie/Zine Dec. 6, 1927.

WITH VAL VE Jaffa-- F. E. AsELTlNE CARBURETOR Fvled May 23, 1921 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 la M Patented Dec. 6, 192'11.

UNITED STATES 1,651,359 PATENT oFFlci-..

FRED E. ASEITINE, OF DAYTON, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL MOTORS RESEARCH CORPORATION, OF DAYTON, OHIO, AKCORPORATION 0F DELAWARE.

, CARBURETOR.

Application tlled May 23,

The invention relates tok means whereby a mixture may be formed utilizing gaseous and liquid subst-ances suoli, for example, as air :and liquid fuel. In the formation of such mixtures, particularly for use in internal combustion engines, it is desirable to provide for the control of the relative proportions of gaseous and liquid constituents utilized, as well as the control of the flow of the mixture to the point of utilization, as to the engine cylinders.

In the mixing or carbureting device constructed in accordance with my invention, there is provided means whereby a rich mixture may be obtained, which rich mixture may be supplied to the point of utilization in a substantially undiluted condition or may be mixed with aregulable additional amount of air or other gas before being utilized.

The invention includes also the provision of improved means whereby the flow of rich mixture may be cut of and the operation of for example, an engine, may be thereby interrupted.

Other features and advantages of theinvention will be understood by reference to the following description, together with the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is an elevation, for the greater part in section, illustrating a carburetor comprising one embodiment of my invention;

Fig. 2 is partly an end elevationlooking from the right of Fig. 1, and partly a section on line 2 2 of Fig. y1;

Fig.` 3 is a vertical section on line 3-3 of Fig. 1;

Fig. L is a plan view, parts being broken away;

Fig. 5 is a plan View of manually operable adjusting mechanism;

Figs. 6 and 7 are detail elevations respecf' tively of a sleeve valve and a plate carried thereby; and

Figs. 8 and 9 are elevations showing a slightly modified form.

Fig. 10 illustrates graphically the effect of the use and nonuse of certain elements of the apparatus.

Referring to the drawings, 10 indicates a float bowl of a type commonly employed in carburetor's, the bowl bein secured to a cover 11 by a'screw 12 engaging a central tubular post 13.v The post 13 is screwed'to the cover 11 at the center of a depression 14 1921. Serial N0. 471,609.

thereof and is provided with a fixed nozzle duit 22 forming a part of the body 18 extends around the lower portion of the cylinder 20. Primary air supplied throughthe conduit 22 may pass into the depression 14, around the nozzle 15, and through the aperture 21 into the interior of the cylinder 20, the latter serving as a mixing chamber in which a rich mixture may be produced with the fuel flowing from the nozzle.

Communicating with the mixing chamber are two conduits, 23 and 24, arranged to convey rich mixture from the mixing chamber 20 to an intake or main supply conduit 25. In order to control the flow through the passages formed by conduits 23, 24, a cylindrical or sleeve Valve 2G is mounted withink Lthe mixing chamber 20, the lower end of the sleeve being openand the upper end closed and formed to receive and be secured to a lever-27 whereby the valve may be rotated. If desired, an electrical heating element 28 may be mounted within the sleeve and conl l nected by conductor 29 to a suitable source of current. Ports 30, 31, are formed in the side walls of the sleeve 26 adapted to register with the conduits 23, 24, respectively, the relative positions of the conduits and ports being such that, when port 3() is in register withpassage 23, port 31 will be just out of register with passage 24. As shown, the passages 23, 24, are disposed one vertically above the other and the ports are vertically oset from each other.- The proportions and arrangement of theJ ports and passages may, of course, be considerably varied from that shown, while still maintaining the capability of conveying mixture through either passage with any desired degree of opening, or of cutting off the flow entirely from either or both passages. As illustrated, the sleeve may be so positioned that the port 31 will regis. ter with passage 24, passage 23 being closed. Then by rotation of the sleeve in a clockion wise direction, looking from above, the passage 24 may be closed and port 30 brought into register with passage 23. Further rotation in the same direction will gradually close the passage 23 until finally the flow of mixture has been entirely interrupted through both passages, as in the position shown in Fig. 1. With the arrangement of parts shown, this cycle of operations will require a rotation of the sleeve through an angle of approximately 140.

In order to facilitate the manual adjustment of the sleeve 26, I have provided a rod 32 suitably secured to the end of lever 27 and connected by an extension rod 33 to an elbow lever` 34 pivotally mounted upon a sector late 35 having suitable characters to indicate the various positions of the valve. The plate may be mounted in any desired location readily accessible to the op erator.

If desired, a choke 36 for the primary air passage 22 may be provided, which choke is rotatable by a lever 37. The actuation of this choke may be rendered dependent upon the position 4of the valve member 26 by connecting the lever 37 through a link 38 to a collar 39 slidable on the rod 32. A stop 40 on the rod 32 is so located as to engage the collar 39 when the lever 34 approaches the choke osition, at which time the port 31 is being lirought into register with the passage 24, thereby causing a. partial closure of the air passage 22 and a corresponding enrichment of the mixture supplied through the passage 24 when the engine is to e started.

In the intake or main supply conduit 25, which may be connected to a conduit such as the intake manifold of an engine by means of the flan e 25', is lixedly mounted a sleeve 41 which 1s cut away intermediate its ends to form between the sleeve and the walls of the conduit an annular passage 42 communicating with the passage 24. Holes 43 of any desired number and size lead through the sleeveadjacent its upper end, preferably in a direction inclined to the axis of the sleeve, thereby connecting the passage 42 to the interior of the intake passage. A throttle valve 44 of the type usually employed for controlling the flow of combustible mixture to an internal combustion engine is mounted to operate within the sleeve 41, the valve spindlevbeing provided withv actuating arms 45, 45', extending in -opposite directions and havinga plurality of sockets for attachment of a rod, as 46, the plurality of arms and sockets facilitating universal use with operating devices of varied direction of movement and extent of throw. The throttle spindle may also be provided with appropriate stops, as 47, 47 the latter engageable with a lixed abutment, as is usual, in order to limit the extent of exerting pressure against the head thereof.

Slidably mounted in the conduit 25 below the sleeve 41 is a regulating sleeve 50, Stops 51 on the wall of the intake serving to support the sleeve at its lowermost position. Mounted upon a spindle 52 supported in the wall of sleeve 50 is a lift plate 53 in the form of a butterfly valve. A link 54 pivoted at its lower end to the plate 53 at one side of the spindle 52 is pivotally connected at its upper end to a rod 55 fixed adjacent the lower end of the sleeve 41. The auxiliary or secondary air intake 56 is adapted to supply air'to the lower end of the regulating sleeve 50 under the influence of suction. The air operating upon the lift plate 53 tends to raise the sleeve 50, the movement of which is 'accompanied by a turning movement of the lift plate by the action of link 54, thereby gradually opening the passage to the inflow of auxiliary air. A

A butterfly valve 57 is mounted upon the rod 55 and is connected with the lift plate 53 by a link 58, the result being that the valve will be moved to partially close the passage through the sleeve 4l as the sleeve 50 rises and the lift plate 53 moves to open the passage through the sleeve. As the sleeve and lift plate move further upward, however, the valve 57 closes.

The sleeve 5() is provided at its upper end with an enlargement 59 wherebyr the sleeve is spaced from the wall of the intake passage. Between this enlargement and an annular ledge 60 there is an annular passage 61 which, when the sleeve is raised, comes into communication with the passage 23. Slots 62 in the walls of the sleeve 50 adjacent the upper end provide communication between the annular channel 61 and the interior of the intake conduit. A metering plate 63 provided with a cut-away portion 64 of such form as to vary to the desired degree the admission of mixture from the passage 23 as the regulating sleeve rises is secured to the sleeve opposite the passage 23 and lying in the channel 61. As the sleeve -5O rises communication is established between the passage 23 and the space between the lift plate 53 and the butterfly valve 57,

thus reducing the depression or vacuum in such space because of the flow of air and atomized fuel thereinto through said passage; the vacuum or suction effect being obviously at a maximum when the lift plate 53 is in a horizontal position, and before the passage 2.3 begins to be opened because 'of upward movement of the sleeve 50.

in the valve 26 with The suction which causes the carburetor to operate is obviously established and present in the engine manifold between the carburetor and the engine and, disregarding other circumstances, increases with the speed of the engine; and with the valve- 57 not present increasing suction would be followed tlie'same and because of the free communi cation between the external atmosphere and the interior of the carburetor through the air inlet- 56, which permits a free inflow of air into the space beneath the valve; the re .sult being that the sleeve is lifted less, and

the passage 23 is opened less at high engine speeds and high degree of suction than would be the case were the valve 57 not used, and inordinate enrichment of 4the-mixture under such conditions is avoided.

Under idling conditions, owing to the closure of the throttle valve 44, the vacuum in the intake below the valve is relatively low and therefore the tendency to raise the regulating sleeve may be insuiicient to permit the entrance of rich mixture to the channel 61. Furthermore, it is desirable when idling to supply a richer mixture than is required under ordinary running conditions. In order'to meet the needs when idling, therefore, I provide a bypass 65 having a port 66 opening into.the passage 23 and a port 67 open.-

ing into the intake conduit slightly above the sleeve 50 when the latter is in its lowermost position. A needle valve 68 held in adjusted position by a spring 69 and having the inner end formed with a valve point 70 is arranged to control the extent of opening of the bypass. The position of the port 67 is such that the sleeve 50, when it rises to the extent incident to ordinary running conditions, lwill cover the port thereby arresting the flow through the by-pass 65 and causing all of the rich mixture utilized to flow through the channel 61 and the slots or other openings indicated at 62. When the engine is idling the elbow lever 34 will be in a position such that the conduit 24 will be shut off by the valve 26, and the conduit 23 will be open by the registering of the port 30 said conduit. The said lever will lie in about the middle of the sector plate 35 when the port 30 registers throughout its entire area 'with the passage 23. J ust prior to this idling position the lever was in the choke position, during which the port 31 was in communication with the passage 24, the passage 23 was cranked a rich priming mixture was supplied through-` the passage 24 and ports 43 to the intake passage above the throttle valve 44 which was or should have been in its closed position when the engine was being started.

After the engine,has been started as above explained the lever 34 is moved into a central position upon the sector plate 35, during4 which movement the passage 24 is closed by the valve 26, and the port 30 moves into register with the passage 23. thus placing the parts in a condition for idling, as hereinbefore explained. The engine may be caused to pick up its load by opening the throttle valve 44, which is closed or nearl closed during idling; and thereafter and i the engine runs too fast and has to be slowed down the supply of rich mixture through the passage 23 may be throttled by moving the lever 34 from its central position along the adjustment scale toward the stop position; in which final position both the passages 23 and 24 are closed by the valve 26 and the engine, being deprived of its supply of fuel, must of necessity come to rest.

In the operation of the mechanlsm described, by adjustment of the manual control lever 34 to the position indicated on Fig. 5 by the word choke, the sleeve valve 26 will be so positioned that rich mixture may flow from the mixing chamber -20 through passage 24, annular passage 42, and holes 43 to the intake conduit above the throttle valve 44. A rich priming mixture is thus suppliedto the engine cylinders for starting purposes. After the engine has begun to operate, the lever 34 may be moved to the position indicated on Fig. 5 by the word adjustment, by which movement the sleeve valve 26 will be so positioned that the flow through passage 24 is cut olf, the port 30 being brought into register with passage 23 whereby rich mixture 1s permitted to flow to the bypass 65. When the throttle has been sufficiently opened and suitable suction conditions established in the intake passages to cause the liftingy of sleeve 50,4 the rich mixture then flows through channel 61 and openings 62 to the interior of the intake passage where it mixes with auxiliary air en tering through the airintake 56. By the movement of lever 34 beyond the position at which the passage 23 is fully opened to the mixing chamber 20, the How of rich mixture may be throttled by partially closing the port 30 to any desired extent, thus producing, by admixture with auxiliary 'air in the intake passages Aconstituting a secondary mixing chamber, a mixture of any desired leanness. By throwing the lever 34 to the position indicated by the word stop in Fig. 5, the sleeve 26 is brought to a position in which the flow of mixture is entirely interrupted7 as shown in Fig. 1, thus stopping the engine.

The control of the proportions of rich mixture and auxiliary air supplied to the auxiliary mixing chamber above sleeve may be automatically regulated in accord ance with suction conditions by varying either or both the conformation of the meteringl plate 63 and of the air controlling valves, as valve 53, thus determining the character of the mixture as supplied at intermediate speeds under the control of the main throttle valve.

In the form illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9, most of the details are the saine as are illustrated in Fig. 1 and are indicated by the same reference characters. The modiiications relate to the manner of mounting and the details of construction of the regulating sleeve 50 and the parts associated therewith. The valve 57 and lift plate are shown in a position atan angle of ninety degrees from the position illustrated in Fig. 1, that is, the pin V supporting the valve 57 is mounted at an angle of ninety degrees to the plane containing the pivotal support of the throttle valve 44. The regulating sleeve indi: cated by 50', when in its lower position, closes the outlet of the passage QBby means of the flange 59, the metering plate 63 being omitted. In the lower portion of the sleeve are provided inclined slots through which the rich mixture may be admitted to the interior of the sleeve 4from the channel 61 when the sleeve has beenraised under the influence of suction in the intake passages. It will be noted that the amount of rich mixture which is permitted to flow into the intake passage will be varied in accordancev with the extent to which the sleevehas been raised, or, in other words, in accordance with the extent of the slots 70 which comes above the flange 60. Additional apertures 71 may be provided through which rich mixture will be permitted to flow at about the time when the idling hole 67 has been closed by the lifting of the sleeve 50', thus compensating to any'desired extent for the restricted How of mixture at the time when small portions only of the slots 70 have been brought above the flange 60.

It should also be clearly understood that the use of a valve,such as valve 57, is not essential to the eiiicient operation of the remainder of the apparatus as this valve may or may not be used, its use depending upon the desired results.l

For example, if it is desired to have the vacuum in tlie intake manifold remain substantially constant for any reason under increasing engine` speed, the use of the valve 57 or its equivalent will have this effect. On the other hand if it is desired to have this vacuum'increase in the usual manner, valve 57 or its equivalent may be omitted.

In order to clearly understand the difference in results that may be derived from the use or nonuse of the valve 57, reference may be had to the Fig. 10 showing the forms of curves obtainable and their characteristic differences.

In this figure, which shows the curves representing the comparative pressures in the intake manifold, the horizontal component represents revolu'tions per minute of an engine and the vertical component re resents decreasing pressure in the mani old. These curves are not plotted :from definite values but represent substantially the form of curve in eachk case and are shown only for the purpose ofrcomparison.

While the form of mechanism herein shown and -described constitutes a preferred from of embodiment of the present invention, it is to be understood that other forms might be adopted, all coming within the scope' of the claims which follow.

I claim:

1. In a carburetor of the class described,

a casing having a mixing chamber cylindrical in form, a liquid fuel supply nozzle discharging thereinto, and an air supply' passage leading from the atmosphere into said mixing chamber; an intake passage in said casing independent of said mixing chamber and the lower end oi which is open to the atmosphere, and the upper end of` which is adapted to communicate with a conduit leading to an engine to be supplied with combustible vmixture; a throttle valve arranged ,adjacent the upper end of said intake passage for controlling the flow therethrough; two conduits formed in said 'casing and leading from said mixing chainber into said intake passage one above and the other below the throttle valve aforesaid;

and a manually operable cylindrical valve arranged within said mixing chamber and adapted to control the flow throughV said4 conduits. U

' 2. In a carburetor of the class described, a casing having a mixing chamber, a liquid fuel supply nozzle discharging thereinto, and an air supply passage leading from the yatmosphere into said mixing chamber; a

valve for controlling the How of air through said air supply'passage; an intake passage in said casing independent of said mixing chamber and the lower end of which is open to the atmosphere, and the upper end of which is adapted to communicate with a conduit leading to an engine to be supplied with combustible mixture; a throttle valve arranged adjacent the upper end of said intake passage for controlling the flow therethrough; two conduits formed in said casing and leading from said mixing cham ber into said intake passage one above and the other below the throttle valve aforesaid; and manually operable valve mechanism 'for controlling the flow through said conduits and for operating the valve in said air supply passage.

3. In a carburetor of the class described, a casing having a mixing chamber, a liquid fuel supply nozzle discharging thereinto, and an air supply passage leading from the atmosphere into said mixing chamber; an intake passage in said casing independent of said mixing chamber and the lower end of which is open to the atmosphere, and the upper end of which is adapted to communica-te with a conduit leading to an engine tobe supplied with combustible mixture; a throttle valve arranged adjacent the upper end of said intake passa-ge for controlling the How therethrough; two conduits formed in said casing and leading from said mixing chamber into said intake passage one above and the other below the throttle valve aforesaid; a by-pass leading from the lower one of said conduits into said intake passage; and a, manually operable valve for controlling the iow through said conduits.

4. In a carburetor of the class described, a casing having a mixing chamber, a liquid fuel supply nozzle discharging thereinto, and an air supply passage leading from the atmosphere into said mixing chamber; an intake passage in said casing independent of said mixing chamber and the lower end of which is open to the atmosphere, and the upper end of which is adapted to co1nmunicate with a conduit leading to an engine to be supplied with aacombustible mixture; a throttle valve for controlli-ng the flow through said intake passage; two conduits formed in said casing and leading from said mixing chamber into said intake passage one above and the other below the throttle valve aforesaid; a. manually operable valve for controlling the flow through both of said conduits; and a vertically movable regulating sleeve operating in said intake passage and adapted to control the flow from the lower one of said conduits into said passa e.

In a carburetor of the class described, a casing having a mixing chamber, a liquid fuel supply nozzle discharging thereinto, and an air supply passage leading from the atmosphere into said mixing chamber; an intake passage in said casing independent of said mixing chamber and the lower end of which is open to the atmosphere, and the upper end of which is adapted to communicate with a conduit leading to an engine to be supplied with a combustible mixture; a throttle valve Jfor controlling the low through said intake passage; two conduits formed in said casing and leading from said mixing chamber into said intake passage one above and the other below the throttle valve aforesaid; a manually operable valve for controlling the flow through both said conduits; a vertically movable regulating sleeve operable in said intake passage; an oscillating lift plate carried by said sleeve and adapted to regulate the flow of air through said intake passage; and an operating member adapted to cause tilting movement of said lift plate as said sleeve moves upward.

6. In a carburetor of the class described, a casing having a mixing chamber, a liquid fuel supply nozzle discharging thereinto, and an air supply passage leading from the atmosphere into said mixing chamber; an intakepassage in said casing independent of said mixing chamber and the lower end of which is open to the atmosphere, and the upper end of which is adapted to communicate with .a conduit leading to an engine to besupplied vwith a combustible mixture; a throttle valve for controlling the flow through said intake passage; two conduits formed in said casing and leading from said mixing chamber into said intake passage one above and the other below the throttle valve aforesaid; a manually operable valve for controlling the iow through both said' conduits; a vertically movable regulating sleeve operable in said intake passage; an oscillating lift plate carried by said sleeve and adapted to regulate the low of air through sai intake passage; an operating member adapted to cause tilting movement of said lift plate as said sleeve moves upward; an oscillating valve arranged within said intake passage beneath said throttle valve; and a connecting member between said lift plate and said valve and through which movement said lift plate is transmitted to said valve.

7. In a carburetorof the class described, a casing having a vertically arranged intake `passage the lower end of which is open to the atmosphere, and the upper end of which is adapted tov communicate with a conduit leading to an engine to be supplied with combustible mixture; av throttle valve arranged adjacent the upper end of said passage for controlling the iow therethrough; a verticall movable regulating sleeve operating in t e lower portion of said passage; an oscillatinfr lift plate carried by said sleeve and adapted to control the flow through said passage; and a link one end of which is pivotally connected with said lift plate and the other end of which is held in a fixed position. p

8. In a carburetor of the class described, a casing having a vertically arranged intake passage the lower endof which 1s open to the atmosphere, and the upper end of which is adapted to communicate with a conduit leading to an engine to be supplied with combustible mixture; a throttle valve arranged adjacent the upper end of said passage for controlling the flow therethrough; a vertically movable regulating sleeve operating in the lower ortion of said passa e; an oscillating lift p ate carried by said s eeve and adapted to controll the How through said passage; an oscillating valve located in said intake passage between said lift plate and said throttle valve; a link the upper end of which is secured in a fixed position, and the lower end of which is pivotally connected with said lift plate; and a second link the lower end of which Vis pivotally connected with said lift plate and the upper end of which is pivotally connected with said valve.

9. In a carburetor of the class described, a casing having a vertically arranged 1ntake passage the lower end of which is open to the atmosphere, and the upper end of which is adapted to communicate with a conduit leading to an engine to be supplied with colnbustible mixture; a throttle valve arranged adjacent the upper end of said passage for controlling the flow therethrough; a vertically movable regulating sleeve operating in the lower portion of said passage; an oscillating lift plate carried by said sleeve and adapted to control the ilow through said passage; an oscillating valve located in said intake passage between sai-d throttle valve and said lift plate; means whereby said lift plate and valve are connected so as to move in unison as said regulating sleeve moves upward; a mixture supply conduit leading into said intake passage above said throttle valve; a second mixture supply conduit leading into said intake passage between said throttle valve and said lift plate; and a manually operable valve for controlling the low of mixture through said conduits.

10. In a carburetor of the class described;

a casing having a vertically arranged intake passage the lower end of which is open to the atmosphere, and the upper end of which is adapted to communicate with a conduit ileading to an engine to be supplied with combustible mixture; a throttle valve arranged adjacent the upper end of said passage or controlling the flow therethrough; a vertically movable regulating sleeve operto move toward its open position as said sleeve moves upward; a conduit leading into said intake passage above said throttle valve; a second conduit leading into said intake passage below said throttle valve; a mixing chamber with which both said conduits communicate; air and 'fuel supply passages leading into said mixing chamber; and valve mechanism for controlling the flow of mix ture from said mixing chamber through said conduits.

11. In a carburetor of the class described, a casing having a vertically arranged intake passage the lower end of which is open to the atmosphere, and the upper end of which is adapted to communicate with a conduit leading to an engine to be supplied with combustible mixture; a throttle valve arranged adjacent the upper endl of said passage for controlling the ilow therethrough; a vertically movable regulating sleeve operating in the lower portion of said passage; an oscillating lift plate carried by said sleeve and adapted to control the fiow through said passage; means for causing said lift plate to move toward its open position as said sleeve moves upward; a conduit leading into said intake passage above said throttle valve; a second conduit leading into said intake passage below said throttle valve; a mixing chamber with which both said conduits communicate; air and fuel supply passages leading into said mixing chamber; a valve for controlling the flow of mixture from said mixing chamber through both said conduits; a valve arranged within said intake passage between said lift plate and said throttle valve; and means whereby and through which said last mentioned valve is operated from said lift plate as the lattermoves upward with said sleeve.

Intestimony nature.

FRED E. ASELTINE.

whereof I hereto aiix my sig- 

